Basic knowledge of computer networking in pdf

When we type something in an address bar, our request will be processed to the server. The server will respond back to us with the request. The messages are sent and received in small packages. This layer includes two activities. Internet layer packs data into data packets referred as IP datagrams. It consists of source and destination IP address. Beside this, IP datagram header field consists of information like version, header length, type of service, datagram length, time to live, and so on.

The datagram are transported through network using these protocols. They each resemble some function like. The transport layer also referred as Host-to-Host Transport layer. It is responsible for providing the Application layer with session and datagram communication services.

Network segmentation implicates splitting the network into smaller networks. It helps to split the traffic loads and improve the speed of the Internet. VLANs enables an administrator to segment networks. Segmentation is done based on the factors such as project team, function or application, irrespective of the physical location of the user or device. A group of devices connected in a VLAN act as if they are on their own independent network, even if they share a common infrastructure with other VLANs.

Subnets are more concerned about IP addresses. Subnetting is primarily a hardware-based, unlike VLAN, which is software based. A subnet is a group of IP address.

It can reach any address without using any routing device if they belong to the same subnet. So far we have seen different protocols, segmentation, various communication layers, etc. Now we are going to see how the packet is delivered across the network. The process of delivering data from one host to another depends on whether or not the sending and receiving hosts are in the same domain. If the receiving and sending devices are connected to the same broadcast domain, data can be exchanged using a switch and MAC addresses.

But if the sending and receiving devices are connected to a different broadcast domain, then the use of IP addresses and the router is required. Suppose host A wants to send a packet to host B. Since at layer 2 packets are sent with MAC address as the source and destination addresses.

If a packet is destined for a system on the same local network, which means if the destination node are on the same network segment of the sending node. The sending node addresses the packet in the following way. In the case where two nodes residing on different network segments, packet routing will take place in the following ways.

It is used to connect devices to a LAN. Technically it is referred as WLAN is a wireless network communication over short distances using radio or infrared signals. Any components that connect to a WLAN is considered as a station and falls into one of two categories. Radio frequencies range from the frequencies used by cell phones to the AM radio band. Radio frequencies are radiated into the air by antennas that create radio waves. To establish WLAN standards and certifications, several organizations have stepped forward.

Organization has set regulatory agencies to control the use of RF bands. Approval is taken from all the regulatory bodies of WLAN services before any new transmissions, modulations and frequencies are used or implemented. To browse Academia. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Roxana Vlad.

A short summary of this paper. For small campuses or branch offices, converged deployments offer consistency in wireless and wired connections. This deployment converges wired and wireless on one network device—an access switch—and performs the dual role of both switch and wireless controller. This system uses the cloud to manage network devices deployed on-premises at different locations.

The solution requires Cisco Meraki cloud-managed devices, which provide full visibility of the network through their dashboards. Our resources are here to help you understand the security landscape and choose technologies to help safeguard your business. Learn how to make the right decisions for designing and maintaining your network so it can help your business thrive. These tools and articles will help you make important communications decisions to help your business scale and stay connected.

Skip to content Skip to search Skip to footer. Watch overview Contact Cisco Get a call from Sales. The foundations of networking: switches, routers, and wireless access points Switches , routers , and wireless access points are the essential networking basics. Switches Switches are the foundation of most business networks. Get started with a free trial of Cisco Meraki cloud networking.

You might also like… How to set up a small business network What is a switch vs. How does a network switch work? LAN stands for. Location access network. Local anti network. Local area network. Location area network. Show Answer. Answer: Option 'C' Local area network. WAN stands for. Wide area network. World area network. Wonder area network. None of these. All the above. Answer: Option 'C' Network.